Introduction
While most people recover from COVID-19 within weeks, many continue to experience symptoms months later—a condition known as Long COVID or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Among the most common and frustrating lingering effects are sleep disturbances and respiratory issues.
Common Post-COVID Sleep Issues
- Insomnia and fragmented sleep
- Restless legs or new onset of periodic limb movement disorder
- Nightmares and vivid dreams related to nervous system changes
- Daytime hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness) despite adequate hours in bed
Respiratory After-Effects
- Persistent cough or shortness of breath
- Lung inflammation or scarring (post-viral fibrosis)
- Decreased exercise tolerance
Possible Mechanisms
- Chronic low-grade inflammation
- Dysautonomia (imbalances in the autonomic nervous system)
- Direct effects on the brain regions controlling sleep
- Hormonal disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Evaluation at Lung & Sleep Specialists
- Pulmonary function testing and imaging (CT, X-ray)
- Overnight polysomnography or home sleep testing
- Oxygen saturation and CO₂ monitoring
- Full review of prior COVID illness, vaccines, and current medications
Treatment Pathways
- Sleep Hygiene & Circadian Support: Regular bedtime, limited blue light, melatonin if indicated.
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Breathing exercises, graded activity, and oxygen therapy if needed.
- Medication Management: Address inflammation, treat new or worsened sleep apnea, optimize existing medications.
- Integrative Support: Anti-inflammatory diet, gentle exercise like yoga or tai chi, stress-reduction practices.
Self-Care Tips
- Pace physical activity (“energy budgeting”) to avoid crashes.
- Maintain a Mediterranean-style diet rich in antioxidants.
- Use relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing or mindfulness.
If lingering fatigue, cough, or insomnia continue more than 8–12 weeks after COVID, schedule a comprehensive evaluation with Lung & Sleep Specialists to design a personalized recovery plan.